In this study, we sought to determine what scientific literature has been used to support the reference ranges provided, whether such literature sources specifically studied aluminum levels in otherwise normal infants and children, and how to interpret results of such testing. Yet commercial laboratories offering aluminum testing provide reference ranges when reporting results. Aluminum can be measured in plasma, serum, or urine, but there is scant scientific information about the normal range of aluminum concentrations in the general population, let alone age-related norms. Aluminum Testing in Children: What Do Results and Reference Ranges Mean?ġ Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA 2 Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USAīackground: Some parents of children with developmental issues are raising concerns about their child's aluminum exposure and requesting biological testing from health care providers.